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The bigger picture...

Critical Workers

2/5/2020

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In a letter sent from James Brokenshire MP, Minister for State for Security, on the 14th April, directly to the FIA, the Government’s support for the fire safety sector was repeated.

Mr Brokenshire stated: “The Government is grateful for the sector’s continuing efforts at this challenging time… Such employees engaged in this critical task will need to continue to perform their work.” It is also made clear that the industry continues to consider “carefully” which roles are vital to services, and “what possible steps can be taken to facilitate staff working from home”.

For those who cannot, and are vital to “provide essential safety to people”, the guidance continues by detailing that they should only travel when it is safe to do so and themselves or others in their household are not symptomatic. Advice for workers needing to send their children to schools is also outlined in the letter.

The letter states: “NFCC also believes that people working on vital fire safety measures such as the installation and maintenance of sprinklers, fire alarms, waking watch and other measures also constitute key workers… We have already discussed many of these matters with Home Office and MHCLG.”


NFCC also believes that people working on vital fire safety measures such as the installation and maintenance of sprinklers, fire alarms, waking watch and other measures also constitute key workers…
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Fire & COVID-19

10/4/2020

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​What landlords can do for fire safety during the COVID-19 crisis?

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Original article from: IFSEC Global

The coronavirus crisis has created completely unprecedented conditions across the country and around the world. This has left almost everyone in a position where they are entirely reevaluating their lives – from a business perspective to living arrangements, things feel markedly different.
This is true for landlords too, as standard practice needs to be re-thought in many cases as what needs to be done for tenants, and how to manage the safety and security of rented properties during this time. Of course, landlords are legally obligated to take specific legal steps to look after the safety of their tenants.

Certainly, one of the most vital aspects of safety that could be affected by the COVID-19 outbreak is fire safety. Fire safety professionals are still required to visit properties on a regular basis, so it is essential that they can practice safe levels of social distancing in order to manage their own level of risk. It would appear, based on responses to the National Fire Chiefs Council (NFCC) and Fire Industry Association (FIA), that those responsible for fire safety have been granted key worker status and will continue to carry out as many tasks that require immediate attention through the crisis.

Here we take a look at some of the things that landlords need to start thinking about with regard to their tenants’ safety, and what they can do to minimise the risk going forward.

Carry out a new fire safety assessment

Perhaps one of the most important things to note is that due to the lockdown, tenants will typically be spending much of their time in their home. This can have implications for fire safety – and this is something that it is worth considering. So, the first step that landlords may need to take is carrying out a new fire safety assessment.

Fire safety assessments are an important legal requirement for landlords – but when significant changes occur to a property, it is essential that you ensure your fire safety assessment is still valid. Carrying out a re-assessment is important in order to make sure that the systems and plans in place are still relevant with tenants in their properties at all hours of the day. If you believe that your property might be affected by the change in usage, now is the time to act.

Take precautions with checking the fire alarm system

Landlords with multiple flats in one building are required to organise testing for the fire alarm system on a regular basis depending on the type of alarm you have installed. In some properties with communal alarm systems, testing needs to be carried out every week.

In this case, you may employ someone to check the system, or it may be that you carry out the spot check yourself. In either case, it is essential that this process continues to be carried out as normal, however, you need to ensure that you are following the Government’s social distancing recommendations when doing so.

Continue with all legally required services

It is also important to note that the coronavirus is not considered to be a reason that landlords can relax their responsibilities with regard to any kind of legally required fire safety services. It is imperative that crucial health and safety measures continue to be followed by landlords in other to remain in compliance with legislation.

The COVID-19 crisis is not an excuse for failing to uphold health and safety measures – it may just take more care and precautions to be taken in order to be able to do so safely.

Install a stronger fire alarm system

It may be the now is the right time to consider having an upgraded fire alarm system installed. After all, a fire alarm going off in a building with a number of tenants is now likely to impact every person who is in the building, and it is essential that the strongest possible measures are in place.
If you have a strong alarm system in place, then you could consider further preventative and reactive measures; it could be worthwhile to have fire sprinklers installed. According to sprinkler system specialists Applications Engineering “sprinklers not only save lives but can significantly reduce the damage caused by a fire. Their instantaneous response to a breakout allows a fire to be controlled before emergency services can reach the scene”.

Ensure escape routes are accessible at all times

It is also vital to ensure that all properties have their communal hallways and other fire escapes clear at all times. Now is the time to carry out regular inspections to ensure that there are no potential obstructions that could cause a problem in the event of a fire breaking out.

Final thoughts

It is a great idea to take this time as a key moment to reassess the fire safety precautions in your property, and ensure that they are up to standard. The situation with coronavirus is very serious, but so are a landlord’s obligations to take health and safety seriously.
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Hotel fined £45k for fire safety failings

12/2/2020

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An East End hotel and its owner have been ordered to pay a total of £45,000 for “serious and systemic” fire safety failures which “put staff and guests at risk”.

Act Grange Ltd, which runs The Baytree Hotel in Vicarage Lane, and the company’s sole director Mr Falgun Patel were sentenced at Southwark Crown Court earlier this month after pleading guilty to five breaches of the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005. If Mr Patel fails to pay his fine, he could face six months imprisonment.

London Fire Brigade Fire Safety Officers visited the 16-room hotel, which is above a traditional East-End pub, in January 2019 as part of a routine audit. During the visit, they found serious fire safety deficiencies including no smoke detection, numerous fire doors tied open and missing or malfunctioning door closers.

Officers also found a first-floor external emergency exit route was being used to store large amounts of rubbish and was blocked along almost its entire length. It led to a gate which was locked and could not be opened by staff.

There was no fire risk assessment in place or any evidence of methodical management of fire safety and on duty staff could not explain emergency procedures.
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Following the visit, an Enforcement Notice was served on Mr Patel and he was interviewed under caution in relation to the deficiencies. The Brigade then took the prosecution forward to court.

The full (original) article can be found at: https://www.ifsecglobal.com/
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There was no fire risk assessment in place or any evidence of methodical management of fire safety and on duty staff could not explain emergency procedures.
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The rising cost of negligence.

15/1/2020

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Fines for fire safety breaches have risen sharply since Grenfell.

The average fine handed down for breaches of the Fire Safety Order has increased since the Grenfell Tower tragedy in 2017.
A review of 200 fire safety legislation cases handled by fire safety solicitor, Warren Spencer, found that the average fine since the Grenfell is now £27,519. This is more than a 35% higher than the average across 2014-2019, which is £20,375. 

Warren Spencer's research, published to mark the 13th anniversary of the Fire Safety Order coming into force, also found that three fire services have not brought a single prosecution under the order.

The most enforced part of the order relates to emergency routes and exits. The ground-breaking study reveals that the most enforced part of the order is Article 14, which relates to emergency routes and exits. And of Spencer’s 200 cases only nine defendants have pleaded not guilty to all charges brought.

The research might be the most detailed analysis yet of the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005, to give it its full name.
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“All of the data relating to sentencing comes from my own records as I am not aware that there has been any other analysis relating to this since the Fire Safety Order came into effect,” said Spencer. “There are some interesting patterns and a sharp increase in the average fine imposed since Grenfell.”

Spencer, who has prosecuted and defended fire safety cases for over 12 years, has written the first in a series of articles examining his findings across four areas: breaches prosecuted, premises prosecuted, prosecuting fire services and sentencing. He also considers enforcement notices, defences typically deployed by defendants, the Grenfell effect and why so many defendants plead guilty.
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The most enforced part of the order relates to emergency routes and exits.... of Spencer’s 200 cases only nine defendants have pleaded not guilty to all charges brought.
The standout numbers
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  • Out of 200 cases only nine defendants have pleaded not guilty to all charges brought
  • Article 14 relating to emergency routes and exits is the most enforced
  • The most prosecutions by a single fire service is 120
  • Three fire services have not brought any prosecutions since the order came into force 13 years ago
  • A total of £1,230,879 has been handed out in fines
  • The average fine between 2014-2019 was £20,375
  • Average fine Post Grenfell was £27,519
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Dangerous landlord prosecuted

13/12/2019

 

Landlord fined £14,000 and banned from lettings.

Camden Council has successfully prosecuted an irresponsible landlord for multiple fire safety risks and overall breaches against the Housing Act 2004.

Camden Council reported that after investigation, it was found that Mr Cesar De Sousa Melo failed to provide adequate fire/smoke alarms in his a flat he had been letting.

The council said: “Tenants’ health and safety at Goldington Crescent was placed at risk through non-working fire alarms, a kitchen door broken off its hinges and the property being overcrowded, and the kitchen was too small.”
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All tenants were identified as young, overseas tenants who were vulnerable to exploitation, that had their health and safety ‘compromised’ through the landlord’s neglect.

This case is the first of its kind in London, where a landlord is banned from letting for numerous safety breaches including fire.

Mr Melo’s operation has now ceased, and all the flats have been fitted with working smoke/fire detectors.

​https://news.camden.gov.uk/camden-council-obtains-londons-first-rogue-landlord-banning-order/

“Tenants’ health and safety at Goldington Crescent was placed at risk through non-working fire alarms, a kitchen door broken off its hinges and the property being overcrowded, and the kitchen was too small.”

Grenfell Tower: Phase One Recommendations

19/11/2019

 
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Grenfell Tower Inquiry hearings are held at Holborn Bars, 138-142 Holborn, London EC1N 2SW.
Evacuation

There were no plans to evacuate Grenfell Tower available. Sir Martin Moore-Bick, chair of the Grenfell Inquiry, recommended:
  • The development of national guidelines for carrying out partial or total evacuations of high-rise buildings – including protecting fire access routes and procedures for evacuating people who require assistance
  • Fire services develop policies for partial or total evacuation of high rises
  • Owner and manager be required to draw up and keep under review evacuation plans, with copies provided to local fire and rescue services and placed in an information box on the premises
  • All high-rise buildings be equipped with facilities to enable the sending of an evacuation signal to the whole or a selected part of the building
  • Owners and managers be required by law to prepare personal evacuation plans for residents who may struggle to do so personally, with information about them stored in the premise’s information box
  • All fire services be equipped with smoke hoods to help evacuate residents down smoke-filled stairs
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Fire doors

Sir Martin said it is apparent that “ineffective fire doors allowed smoke and toxic gases to spread through the building more quickly than should have been possible”, and that missing self-closers played an important role. He recommended:
  • An urgent inspection of fire doors in all buildings containing separate dwellings, whether or not they are high rises
  • A legal requirement on the owner or manager of these buildings to check doors at least every three months to ensure self-closing devices are working effectively

Sprinklers

Noting the recommendation from the coroner investigating the Lakanal House fire that the use of sprinklers be encouraged, Sir Martin said that some of his experts had “urged me to go a step further and to recommend such systems be installed in all existing high-rise buildings”.

He said that sprinklers have “a very effective part to play” in an overall scheme of fire safety, but that he had not yet heard evidence about their use. He said that he could make no recommendations at this stage, but that he would consider the matter in phase two.

Internal signage

Floor numbers in the tower were not clearly marked and markings were not updated when the floor numbers changed following the refurbishment. Sir Martin said that all high-rise buildings should have floors clearly marked in a prominent place, which would be visible in low light or smoky conditions. Given that not all residents of Grenfell could read fire information signs, he said this should now be provided in a means that all residents can understand.

Use of combustible materials

Sir Martin said the original fire in the kitchen was no more than an ordinary kitchen fire that spread to the cladding because of “the proximity of combustible materials to the kitchen windows” – such as the uPVC frames.

He said this is a matter that “it would be sensible” for owners of other high-rise buildings to check.

He said he would “add his voice” to those who have expressed concern about the slow pace of removal work for more than 400 other tall buildings in England with aluminium composite material cladding.

A total of 97 buildings in the social housing sector and 168 in the private sector have not yet seen the work complete. Sir Martin said the work must be completed “as vigorously as possible”.

He said particular attention should be paid to decorative features, given the crucial role played by the architectural crown at Grenfell in spreading the fire around the building.

Given the decision to ban combustible materials on new buildings last year, he did not call for further restrictions on their use.

Fire service: knowledge and understanding of materials in high-rise buildings

Sir Martin raised concern that junior firefighters were not aware of the danger of cladding fires, and that the London Fire Brigade (LFB) was unaware of the combustible materials used to refurbish Grenfell Tower.

He therefore recommended:
  • That the owner and manager of every high-rise building is required to provide details of external walls and the materials used to the local fire service, and inform them of any changes
  • To ensure that fire services personnel at all levels understand the risk of cladding fires

Plans

Sir Martin said that a lack of plans did not “unduly hamper” fire services at Grenfell, as each floor was laid out in the same way. However he warned that another building with a more complex layout could pose problems. He recommended:
  • That owners and managers of high-rise buildings are required by law to provide paper and electronic versions of building plans of all high rises to local fire services
  • To ensure the building contains a premises information box, including a copy of floor plans

Lifts

Firefighters were unable to use a mechanism that allows them to take control of the lifts on the night of the fire, hampering their progress and meaning residents could still use the lifts, “in some cases with fatal consequences”. Sir Martin therefore recommended:
  • That the owner and manager of every high-rise building be required by law to carry out regular inspections of any lift required for use by firefighters and the mechanism that allows them to take control of it

Section 7(2)(d) of the Fire and Rescue Services Act

The judge was concerned that inspections of the tower by the fire service before the fire were not enough to meet their responsibilities under this act. He recommended:
  • A revision of the guidance for the London Fire Brigade, and training for all officers above the rank of crew manager in inspecting high-rise buildings

Co-operation between emergency services

There was a lack of communication between each emergency service at Grenfell, with each declaring a major incident at different times without telling each other. Sir Martin recommended several changes to ensure better communication in the future.

Personal fire protection

Sir Martin decided not to issue a recommendation that individual flats be provided with fire extinguishers or fire blankets, noting concerns that this could encourage residents to fight fires rather than escape and call the emergency services.

Communication between the control room and the incident commander

While guidance calls for a “free flow” of information between a fire service control room and the commanding officer on the ground, that often does not happen. Sir Martin therefore recommended:
  • A review of policies by the LFB on this matter, including training for all officers who could serve as incident commanders and senior control room officers.
  • A dedicated communications link between the senior officer and the incident commander

Emergency calls

Even allowing for the pressure of the night, Sir Martin said that fire survival guidance calls were not handled in an “appropriate or effective way”. He therefore recommended:
  • Amending of policies and training for control room officers
  • That all fire services develop policies for multiple fire survival guidance calls
  • Electronic systems to record and display calls
  • A policy for managing a transition from ‘stay put’ to ‘get out’ and training for call handlers in delivering this change of advice

Command and control

Sir Martin said firefighters too frequently “acted on their own initiative”, resulting in a duplication of effort. He called for better policies to ensure:
  • Better control of training and deployment
  • Information is obtained from crews after they have deployed

Equipment

Sir Martin made some recommendations for improvements to fire service equipment, including radios and the command support system.

Testing and certification of materials

Sir Martin said this is an issue that will be investigated “early in phase two”, along with an assessment of “whether the current guidance on how to comply with the building regulations is sufficiently clear and reliable”.
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He also said the inquiry would investigate whether a ‘prescriptive’ regime of regulation was necessary. However, as these issues have not yet been examined by the inquiry he did not make any recommendations.

Source: Inside Housing
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Third Party Certification

12/10/2019

 

​What is Third Party Certification?

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When choosing a Fire Risk Assessor, you must insist on seeing their Third Party Certification. Why? Third Party Certification offers independent verification and evidence that your Assessor is competent and working to the appropriate standards and best practice for the specific service you require.

The Independent Review of Building Regulations and Fire Safety by Dame Judith Hackitt, following the tragedy of Grenfell Towers, has increased the focus on fire safety responsibilities, particularly around the responsibilities of the person appointed for fire safety within a building* and actions they can take to mitigate fire risk to the best of their ability following national fire safety legislation.




Third-party quality assurance can offer comfort both as a means of satisfying you that goods and services you have purchased are fit for purpose, and as a means of demonstrating that you have complied with the law.
– GOV.UK Fire Safety Guidance Documents 

How is Third Party Certification different to other types of endorsement?

First party referral 

This is simply a self-endorsement. This is when a provider tells you directly that they are good enough to fulfil your requirements with no evidence of their competency.

Second party referral 

This involves someone else, such as another customer, contractor register or trade association (without third party certification criteria for joining) stating that a provider can fulfil their requirements. However, there still may be little or no credible and independent evidence to prove their competency.

UKAS Accredited Third Party Certification 

This takes this to another level completely to ensure provider competence. This is when an independent Certification Body which is accredited by UKAS (the national accreditation body for the UK appointed by Government) sends trained assessors out to assess the provider. They confirm the provider is working to the latest appropriate standards and best practice for the specific service they deliver. They check and verify these required competencies and management systems to ensure that the provider can do what they say - and are checked annually.

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Third Party Certification

Technician Institute of Fire Engineers:  
Membership No. 00056956
Member of the Institute of Fire Prevention Officers:  
Membership No. M2172
Member of the Institute of Fire Safety Managers:  
Membership No. 865
FRACS Certification Number:  
FRA 40
Nationally Accredited Fire Risk Assessors Register:  
Registration No. 157
Fire Protection Association Member 2018-19:  
Membership No. 00029982
UKAS Personnel Certification:
Registration No. 60


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On Competence

4/9/2019

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Two hours of e-learning does NOT make someone a competent Fire Risk Assessor.

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Speaking at FIREX 2019, Howard Passey stated that the growing emphasis on FRA competence was something “we all have to get used to – especially in high risk premises”, where you simply won’t get the job unless you can validate your credentials.

If you’re not already working towards demonstrating competence, he told risk assessors in the audience, it’s time to start.
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A quick Google search for ‘fire risk assessors’ will generate an enormous list of results. Unfortunately, however, standards vary widely.

Speaking in the Expertise & Guidance Theatre at this year's FIREX conference, Howard Passey (a former engineer and site manager in the construction industry), stated that any assessor whose training extends to two hours of e-learning – a “nonsense”, frankly “frightening” – will likely sit at the inferior end of the spectrum.

One of more than 100 training providers in this discipline, the FPA had trained around 1,000 FRAs in the last 12 months, said Passey.

He listed the FRA registers and the number of companies on each (as of that time, Mid June 2019):
  • IFE: 241
  • IFSM: 55
  • FRACS (Warrington Fire) 48 individuals, four companies
  • BAFE SP205 – 78 companies

Three tiers of competence

Much of the FRA role’s complexity, said Passey, lies in balancing multiple variables. For instance, they might compensate for ageing fire systems by recommending more staff such as fire wardens.

Hackitt said FRAs must be free do make these judgements – but this was contingent on a high level of competence: “An outcomes-based framework requires people who are part of the system to be competent,” she wrote – “to think for themselves rather than blindly following guidance, and to understand their responsibilities to deliver and maintain safety and integrity throughout the life cycle of a building.”

The aim is to create tiers of competence and assigning appropriately qualified FRAs depending on building type. BAFE has set the template here in terms of developing a certification scheme for assessors.

Three grades are proposed:
  • Trainees: for simple premises only
  • General practitioner: intermediate complexity
  • High-risk: premises like hospitals, care homes, high risk residential

He also recommended that FRAs become an OSHCR (Occupational Safety and Health Consultants Register) consultant, the requirements of which are set out here.

Evaluating a site’s risk level is not necessarily always just about the type of building... it’s about the users too. Fire stats prove that vulnerable people are at greater risk... therefore fire risk assessors need to have significant experience and credentials.

Dutyholders and Higher Risk Residential Buildings (HRRBs)

The ‘responsible person’ – the person ultimately responsible for fire safety in a building – will be replaced by a duty holder. Whereas the identity of the responsible person is often unclear – it could be an individual, a board of directors, or even a corporation – duty holders will be qualified by accredited industry bodies and listed on a public register.

Passey was in doubt about the need for greater transparency here. He recalled numerous occasions where recommendations he’d made in a fire risk assessment had still not been acted on 12 months later.
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In Building a Safer Future Dame Judith Hackitt wrote: “The dutyholder for a HRRB should proactively demonstrate to the JCA through a safety case at regular intervals (as determined by level of risk) that they are discharging their responsibilities. The safety case must identify the hazards and risks, describe how risks are controlled, and describe the safety management system in place.”
And: “The dutyholder should ensure that any recommendations / requirements outlined in the fire risk assessment are undertaken and completed in a timely manner. Fire risk assessments should be reviewed at least annually until a first safety case review has been completed, where this applies.”

Evaluating a site’s risk level is not necessarily always just about the type of building, said Passey – it’s about the users too. Fire stats prove that vulnerable people are at greater risk, he said, therefore fire risk assessors need to have significant experience and credentials.
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No more passing the buck.

19/8/2019

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More fire safety professionals could face prosecution for providing inadequate advice, according to a leading fire safety lawyer.

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FIREX International 2019
Speaking at FIREX International 2019, Kizzy Augustin, a partner at Russell Cooke LLP, said: “We’ve seen it a bit in general health and safety, where risk assessors have been prosecuted in a personal capacity for failing to provide adequate advice or adequate risk assessments for the use of a business.

“For the first time in 2014, a risk assessor went to prison for nine months for a breach of health and safety rules. That sent shockwaves through the risk assessor community. Before that a risk assessor had never been prosecuted successfully and facing prison. It’s a real prospect now.”

Ms Augustin said some of the common issues which are being investigated after the Grenfell Tower tragedy including a lack of fire risk assessment, evacuation planning and the use of appropriate material.
For the first time in 2014, a risk assessor went to prison for nine months for a breach of health and safety rules... Before that a risk assessor had never been prosecuted successfully and faced prison. It’s a real prospect now.
PictureGrenfell Towers.

“We are seeing as a trend moving forward that owners, occupiers and responsible persons are starting to say we are owners, ‘we are not safety professionals. We go out to look at people who are more experienced, so we went to a manufacturer and asked what’s the best fire door for our hotel. They suggested a particular fire door. They made no mention of the need for testing or appropriate standards. We went on that basis and the advice of experts’,” she explained.

“You can start to see how it might be used to fire safety risk assessors or anyone who is an expert in their field. There is now scope for owners and occupiers to push liability down to those who are advising on the use of various items at work or in a building.”

She added that the responsible person as defined under the Fire Safety Order is normally the owner, occupier or the employer of the building.
“The problem is there are additional duty holders, by way of a contract or a tenancy that says something about your responsibility for maintenance or safety, which will bring you into play as another duty holder,” she added.
“But you are only responsible for fire safety to the extent of your control. There are a number of people who can be deemed to be duty holders. But how do you assess the extent of your control or liability when it comes to fire safety?”

According to Augustin, the general definition of corporate responsibility is that it is a duty to take general fire precautions that will ensure as far as reasonably practicable the safety of employees.

There is a corresponding duty under the Health and Safety Act that talks about the health and safety duties owed to employees, and non-employees.

But she added that Section 37 of the Health and Safety At Work Act states that if an individual manager or senior manager has committed a health and safety offence by way of consent, connivance or attributable neglect, the individual as well as the organisation could be guilty of a health and safety offence.
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Fire Doors (part 2)

24/7/2019

 
Government safety tests prove no “performance concerns” with timber fire doors, but caution is advised...
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A police investigation into the Grenfell Tower fire raised concerns about the quality of fire doors in the UK, after it revealed the doors had failed a test in just 15 minutes – half the required FD30 standard.

The bad news: The government has subsequently carried out tests on a number of  popular models of ‘composite’ plastic fire doors, 75% of which failed to meet the standard criteria. 

The good news: Newly released findings show that 100% of timber doors tested have passed the official government test. Those tested included glazed and un-glazed doors with a variety of different hardware, tested on both sides. However, these results only apply to doors that are purchased directly from the manufacturer and produced to specification.
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Confidence is king.
Don't bury your head in the sand, get your fire doors inspected by a qualified, third party
fire door assessor.


Be confident that you have done your part!

The government's Housing secretary, James Brokenshire, told parliament:  “It is important to be clear that, although the results of our testing provide assurances for residents who have concerns about their fire doors, it is for building owners to assure themselves that the fire doors they install are fit for purpose and have the required documentation and certification.”

The take-home message is that any 'responsible person' must not rely solely on the results from government testing. What applies to one door, might not apply to the other! 

...although the results of our testing provide assurances for residents ...it is for building owners to assure themselves that the fire doors they install are fit for purpose and have the required documentation and certification.”

What is a fire door?

Buildings are compartmentalised to delay the spread of fire from one area to another. Fire doors have two important functions in a fire:

1. They form a barrier (when closed) to stop the spread of fire and when opened they provide a means of escape.

2. They delay the spread of fire and smoke without causing too much hindrance to the movement of people and goods.


Every fire door is therefore required to act as a barrier to the passage of smoke and/or fire to varying degrees depending upon its location in a building and the fire hazards associated with that building.
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The British Woodworking Federation (BWF) ratings for fire door assemblies are stated in minutes and prefixed by the letters ‘FD’; referring to the number of minutes the door should provide protection against fires.

​The most commonly specified integrity levels are:

FD30 (30 mins of protection)
FD60 (60 mins of protection)
FD90 (90 mins of protection)
FD120 (120 mins of protection)
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    Bryn Bashford

    Director of BBFS.
    ​Third party accredited, independent Fire Risk Assessor.

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